

On 25-27 December 1995 the Third Documentation Conference on the Babylonian Jewish heritage was held at the Avia Hotel. The subjects of the conference were: The history of the Jews of Babylonia in the last generation, their economy, culture, and education; popular literature, journalism and theater; folklore and material culture; the Shevahot, music and singing; languages of the Jews of Babylonia. The aim was to collect information on the life of the Jews in Iraq and their migration to Israel, and enrich the inventory stored at the Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center so as to grant scholars access to primary material. The information was assembled through interviews and filming carried out by the Center's research staff and associated scholars. The range of subjects was very wide. One of the subjects was folk medicine and amulets. Examples were shown of methods of compounding popular remedies from spices, fruit, dressings, etc., as was customary in Iraq. Stories were told of the amulets, the conditions they were used to treat, and superstitions. An interesting film was shot of the sewing, cutting and ways of wearing the zbon by adults and children. Another field was the activity of musicians and the shevahot performers. From a clarification of the background to their growth, their development and their status as artists in the Muslim environment, it transpires that they had connections with musical circles in the Arab countries, and that the Jews made a weighty contribution to modern Iraqi music. Passages from the Song of Songs and Pirqay Avot in the style of the Jews of Iraq were recorded. Songs that were prevalent among the Jews of Iraq on the central Euphrates were documented, and words and expressions used with double meaning were presented. Another documented subject was the religious life of Babylonian Jewry and its related customs: halachic judgments, times of prayer, the building of the succa and sleeping in it, use of headgear by men, observance of sheatnez rules, and the like. It is of interest that one of the halachic rulings at the end of the 1940s permitted travel on public transport on the Sabbath in the city of Baghdad. The members of the family of Sasson Khedouri, the community's leader, were interviewed about his activities, which were the subject of serious dispute in the days when he held office. Interviewees from various communities in Babylonia told of their communal life. From interviews with people from northern Iraq it emerged that the Kurdish villages near Aqra were remote from the central government institutions; this circumstance, and the rule by tribal chiefs in the area created special relations between the Kurds and the Jews, with great dependency of the Jews on the tribal chiefs and the absence of permanent Jewish communal institutions. Members of the Diwaniya community described their communal institutions and the activity of the leadership, the way the leadership was chosen, the educational institutions and the yeshivot, the economic dealings of the Jews and the relations of the Jews with the local Arabs.
